Echinococcosos is a zoonotic disease, which can seriously endanger human health and life safety, cause great pain and heavy economic burden to patients and their families, and cause huge losses to agricultural and pastoral production, especially in South America, Africa and Asia. It is the main cause of poverty caused by diseases in agricultural and pastoral areas in western China. China is one of the most serious hydatidosis countries in the world. The epidemic areas are mainly concentrated in alpine meadows and pastoral areas with cold climates and less droughts, as well as semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas, with the most serious diseases in northwest regions such as Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Tibet, Inner Mongolia and Sichuan.

At present, there are two main types of Echinococcosis in the world: fine-grained Echinococcosis transmitted by dogs. Caused cystic Echinococcosis (CE) and multiatrial E transmitted by foxes. Caused aveolar echinococcosis. The symptoms of human infection with echinococcosis are closely related to the parasitic site and the size of the cyst. Common symptoms include liver enlargement and hidden pain, swelling and discomfort, chest tightness and shortness of breath, dry cough, coughing up blood, etc. The treatment of this disease is usually expensive and complex, and sometimes requires extensive surgery. Ultrasound imaging is the main diagnostic technique at present, while immunological analysis provides additional information, and the diagnosis of hydatidosis still requires pathological analysis. However, these diagnostic techniques usually detect infection in the late stage of the disease, and there is no accurate, early and non-invasive molecular diagnosis method. In China, people with echinococcosis have the following characteristics:

1. The prevalence rate of women is generally higher than that of men.

2. The infection rate of pastoralists is higher than that of farmers

3. The age of the case is between 10 and 60 years old.

We found that echinococcosis epidemic areas are mostly pastoral areas inhabited by ethnic minorities. People live nomadic life, long-term migration, children cannot go to school normally, have a relatively low level of education, coupled with poor living environment, lack of water resources, weak hygiene awareness, lack of hand washing habits, many factors have created conditions for the epidemic of echinococcosis.

Therefore, the infection rate and incidence of echinococcosis among farmers and herdsmen are very high. Due to the custom that herdsmen are in favor of dogs and do not kill living creatures, there has been a sharp increase in domestic shepherds, ownerless dogs and wild dogs, forming "dog harm".

Farmers and herdsmen slaughter cattle and sheep by themselves. After slaughtering, they throw away the liver and lungs with parasites. Dogs will eat these infected organs and get infected themselves. It has become a historical tradition to let dogs grab food, and then excrete insect eggs with dog manure, forming a catastrophic cycle for humans and animal .

Therefore, from dogs consuming the infected organs to the epidemic of echinococcosis, there are profound and complex social roots.