pDuets Combinaison Optimisation

Abstract

The creation of a standardised and modular electro-genetic toolkit is one of the main goals of this project. This toolkit is aimed at giving the opportunity for accessible standardised parts that can be tailored and suited to various use cases. Circuit composition should be made of parts that are characterised allowing for well-informed selection of parts. Our toolit is made of a 3-component, 3-plasmid system composed of an input, a processor and an output. These 3 components form a communication signal transduction pathway ending in the output of a readable signal. In the following experiments, we aimed to characterising all the possible combinations of components and plasmids upon activation and to find out if some combinations induce a stronger output signal that others. The vectors chosen to combine the constructs are the pDuets, specialised backbone vectors specifically designed for coexpression of multiple genes. This research was done using plate reading analysis. The main finding of this study is that there is an optimal pairing of insert - processor-output plasmid constructs that form the genetic circuitry. This optimal combination is: pACY-dp003 for the Input, pCDF- dp011 for the Processor, and pColA-dp013 for the Output.

-



Materials and methods

Part selection - Inserts

We chose three constructs from our Parts Collection to demonstrate a straightforward linear transduction genetic communication pathway. For the Input we selected the dpB.003 (Bba_K4216027) construct for its induction through the redox pyocyanin inducer. For the Processor we selected the dpB.011 (Bba_K4216036) for its induction through the input construct and OCH14 chemical inducer. And finally, we selected the dpB. 013 (Bba_K4216038) for its induction through the Processor construct and the OC6 chemical inducer.

Responsive image
Responsive image
Responsive image

Plasmids Selection

The plasmid used in the toolkit are built from the cloning of a set of commercial backbone vectors named pDuet. pCOLA, pACY, pCDF pDuet vectors were selected for our toolkit project. These vectors can be used in combination to coexpress 2 proteins or more. The aim is to determine which pDuet within the selection of three will be a better fit in each component - i.e pDuet 1 functions better as an input and enables an overall clearer output signal than pDuet 2.

Cloning

Each of the input, processor and output inserts selected prior have been cloning using cloning gate technique into all three of the pDuet vectors. We built 9 different combinations of pDuets and transformed them into a DH5alpha strain of E.coli.

pCOLA has an antibiotic resistance cassette to chloramphenicol ; pACY for spectinomycin and pCDF for Kanamycin. Each of the vectors have a different antibiotic resistance and are plated accordingly on LB agar for growth. Following successful incubation, each transformant is PCR amplified, analysed via gel electrophoresis, miniprepped to extract the purified plasmid and sequenced.

Tri-plasmid transformation

Determination of the genetic circuit viability necessitates the transformation of all combinations of three plasmids (input, processor and output) into E.coli. Here are the combinations.

Transformant number Input Processor Output
1 pACY - dp003 pCOLA- dp011 pCDF- dp013
2 pACY- dp003 pCDF- dp011 pCOLA- dp013
3 pCOLA- dp003 pCDF- dp011 pACY- dp013
4 pCOLA- dp003 pACY- dp011 pCDF- dp013
5 pCDF- dp003 pCOLA- dp011 pACY- dp013
6 pCDF- dp003 pACY- dp011 pCOLA- dp013

Plate reader experiment

The transformed cells were incubated overnight in media containing all three antibiotics. These were then inoculated in a 96-well plate with the chemical inducers associated to each component.


INPUT -PROCESSOR-OUTPUT TRI PLASMID PLATE READER EXPERIMENT

This experiment aims at analysing the induced protein translation by the output part of the general circuitry which is a representation of the viability of the genetic circuit. The output plasmid is contains the cm74 inducible promoter pLux76B. The processor plasmid containing the promoter p57m - which expresses c74m- is itself inducible by CinR. CinR is expressed by the piocynin inducible input plasmid. The protein expressed by the output plasmid is cm99 mscarlet, a red fluorescent protein. This experiment is conducted using a plate reader to analyse all the possible combinations of triple plasmid constructs to be transformed in a single cell. It is important to note that no same vector among the chosen three pduets (pCola, pACY, pCDF) and inserts can be transformed in the same cell. For each combination of plasmids, a control experimentis done. A dose of piocynin at 5 μM is chosen accordance to a study conducted by Meyer, A.J. (2019) and which proves that piocynin at 5 uM is the optimal concentration. This data is always confirm by our input characterisation study ( link to lou's input experiment ) where this dose has been shown to be optimal for the induction of the isolated input signal. Single chemical inducers OHC14 (activates processors device promoter) and OC6 (activates output device promoter ) are also respectively each added to the all the combinations. The optimal dosage chosen for OHC14 is10^-2 μM and the one chosen for OC6 is 10^-3 μM. These values has been chosen in accordance to Meyer, A.J. (2019) and our processor and output characterisation experiments ( ref yves et vincent processor output experiments) which demonstrates that these concentrations as most optimal.



Results

Bar plot representing fluorescence over bacterial Optical Density (RUF/OD) in 12 hours plate reading. The purpose of this experiment is to measure the different combinations of genetic circuits components’ translation of red fluorescent protein and bacterial growth over time with the addition of piocynin (5uM).*

The data shows that among all the possible insert-processor-output combinations composing the genetic circuitry, pACY-dp003 + pCDF-dp011 +pColA-dp013 [4] shows the highest fluorescence/OD overall among other combinations with a value of 140000 RFU/OD. Combination[3] and [6] have, respectively, an RFU/OD value of 100000 and 60000. Combinations [1],[2] and [5] show a value of zero or a negligible RFU/OD. This value is due an absent of growth of the E. coli hosting [1],[2] and [5] combination hence a fluorescence/OD of zero.

Fluorescence intensity is indicative of the amount of transcribed fluorescent protein by the output plasmid which results from the successful induction of its promoters by translated proteins of the input and processor plasmids. Chain induction of promoters leads to the translation of the fluorescent protein by the (output) signifies the viability and functionality of the genetic circuitry. Hence combination [4] with highest RFU/OD value is chosen as the winning combination.

Figure 1: Tri-plasmid circuits response to piocynin | ConditionA: pCDFduet-dp003+pCoLA-dp011+pACY-dp013, ConditionB: pCDFduet-dp003+pACY-dp011+pCoLA-dp013 ,ConditionC: pCoLA-dp003+pCDFduet-dp011+pACY-dp013, ConditionD: pACY-dp003 +pCDFduet-dp011+pCoLA-dp013 ,ConditionE: pACY-dp003+pCoLA-dp011+pCDFduet-dp013, ConditionF: pCoLA-dp003 +pACY-dp011 +pCDFduet- dp013




Future Work

Due to time constraints, this combination has been chosen after one experimentation only. It was hypothesized prior the plate reader experiment that there might be small differences in efficiency and quantity of output transcription. The results show an absent growth curve for 3 of the combinations that could be related to the possible toxicity of this combination to the cell, difficulty of growth of the tri plasmid transformants and possible other reasons.It is unrigorous to disregard those combinations as entirely unviable over the results of only one experiment but the time constraints demanded we disregard and move on to the analysis of the winning combination the pACY-dp003 + pCDF- dp011 + pColA-dp013[4].



References

1. Meyer, A.J., Segall-Shapiro, T.H., Glassey, E. *et al.* *Escherichia*coli “Marionette” strains with 12 highly optimized small-molecule sensors. *Nat Chem Biol***15** , 196–204 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-018-0168-3 2. Lawrence, J. M., Yin, Y., Bombelli, P., Scarampi, A., Storch, M., Wey, L. T., Climent-Catala, A., Baldwin, G. S., O’Hare, D., Howe, C. J., Zhang, J. Z., Ouldridge, T. E., & Ledesma-Amaro, R. (2022). Synthetic biology and bioelectrochemical tools for electrogenetic system engineering. *Science Advances*, *8*(18). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm5091