Human Practices & Integrated Human Practices

About

Informed by our Human Practices, our project is a toolkit designed with the central criteria of modularity and scalability. We, therefore, envision use cases of our parts and systems across every field that could leverage the power of the intersection of bio-digital tools. This includes but is not limited to: biomanufacturing (1), biosensors in robotics (2), music and new media art (3), therapeutics (4), and forensics ecology (5).
The bio-electronic toolkit is designed to be versatile in its uses, and our interviews with engineers and artists enlightened us on the potential applications of a bio-digital interface in the real world.

We envisioned uses of our toolkit that are in line with our values and the impact we want to have in the world. We interviewed engineers who create robots to access places dangerous for people and a representative from a local organization monitoring pollution in the natural environment. Beyond, thinking about safety and sustainability, we envisioned our toolkit opening new avenues in the arts and new media, and spoke with artists from the New Media Art movement. The versatility of our toolkit makes it a springboard for creativity.

Bio Hybrid Robots

Integration

One of the questions we asked ourselves was, can we use synthetic biology to integrate biochemical data ordinarily inaccessible to digital platforms? Could we make robots “smell” the microchemical environment around us and inform humans about the safety and health of their surroundings? To answer these questions we turned to engineers in the fields of robotics, and local professionals monitoring environmental pollutants.

Our team met online with Brian Ringley, the Construction Technology Manager at Boston Dynamics, to get his expert insight on the application of robotics sensing in industrial settings. Ringley is one of the main developers of the dog-shaped mobile sensor platform SPOT. Not only is SPOT a technological marvel but it can be deployed in sensing and monitoring industrial environments, such as construction sites or chemical plants. SPOT uses thermal imaging and vibration monitoring to look for anomalies and alert humans. SPOT's inspection can alleviate the exposure risks of workers from treacherous terrain, explosives, and hazardous gas.

We met with Cesar Harada, an inventor, environmentalist, educator and researcher working on floating and sailing structures monitoring water conditions in the Hong Kong Area. Cesar has a remarkable approach to design, made evident by his commitment to open-source innovations and his dedication to increasing sustainability and remediating pollution. We discussed about the power of information processing, sustainability, and applications of our bio-electronic system.

To understand more about the local pollution monitoring challenges which could benefit from our platform, we contacted Anne-Sophie Allonier Fernandes who manages water quality in the Paris-Normandie region. We namely identified challenges in taking samples frequently and in situ, which could be improved with increased automation methods.

Brian Ringley’s insight on robotic systems informed our team as to how to enhance our toolkit’s overall design to incorporate greater modularity and user control over the individual components; additionally, his comments encouraged us to conceptualize ways in which the design of our toolkit could facilitate biological and digital feedback systems.



Our interview with Cesar Harada motivated our team to design our toolkit to be highly versatile - including modular genetic parts and open-source hardware - to support unique, unforeseeable use cases in sustainability and continue innovation.



Anne-Sophie’s experience in ecosystem pollutant management informed a more adaptable design of our toolkit’s biosensor, which involved the increased functionality of the electronic reporter plasmid and its integration with multiple biosensor processors.



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Fig 1: Bio-Hybrid submarine robot for autonomous marine environment exploration

Bio-electronic music

Integration

We wondered about the cultural impact of a bio-digital interface and spoke to musicians and new media artists about the way they would use our toolkit to create a piece of cultural significance.

To learn on this subject, we have met with Xiao Xiao (萧潇), a Chinese-Born, American technologist, interaction designer, and artist currently a Ph.D. student in the Tangible Media Group of the MIT Media Lab. In her work, she applies insights from the art of piano playing to human-computer interactions and explores the experiences bridging the digital to the physical. Because of her involvement in design and music, we wanted to get her insights on the potential cultural impact of our bio-electronic system.

In close collaboration with Dr. Helena Shomar, our mentor in the competition, and in the context of Education and Communication we organized a 2-day event at the Learning Planet Institute (LPI) around the subject of Bio-Arts and design. The event was in 2 parts: A master class and a full day of the workshop on creative coding.

For the Masterclass, we invited NSDOS, a French musician whose work at the intersectionn of techno-bio hacking and live electronic music. We discussed the cultural basis for bio-feedback music.

Here is what we learned: Electronic Techno music was born in Detroit in the late 1980s out of the intersection of 2 driving forces :

  1. The massive unemployment crisis that followed the de-industrialization of the city created a cultural background that was discussed through most media.
  2. The technical revolution of electronic technologies initiated in the 1970s was starting to make its way to commercially available products. In Japan, synthesizer manufacturers started to commercialize and ship to the US cheap and user-friendly musical synthesizers.

Out of the intersection of these cultural and technical forces emerge modern electronic music.

Unlike in the context that allows for the emergence of Techno music, Bio-Feedback musicians lack the tools to sonify natural and biological processes and often rely on Handmade DIY sensors that lack the range of what can be sensed by modern synthetic biology tools.

Circling back to our work, our project aim at producing these tools. See the Integrated Human Practice section on the right of this page to learn how.

We had the chance to discuss with a broad audience of scholars and artist about the technical need of the nascent field of Bio-Feedback music. A full write up of the event can be found here.

With the artist Xiao Xiao we learned about how the “sonification of the living” could bring an emotional connection from the bacterial world to humans. We integrated her insights on modular synthesizers using bacteria as an instrument.

Overall, our interview with Xiao Xiao inspired us to enhance the technical design of our toolkit, to support diverse, creative purposes that our team had not previously considered.



Thanks to our interview, we were able to define simple technical specifications for a Bio-Hybrid musical synthesizer:

  1. It has to be playable: this means that the interface needs to be bi-directional as the musician should be able to interact with its instrument
  2. It should be able to output signals that are specific to biology, that is enhance noise, non-linear dynamics and chaos driven

The field of Bio-Feedback music claim that the current socio-ecological crisis is a cultural drive of a similar force and nature to the one that follows Detroit de-industrialization.

Through NSDOS’s work presentation and the discussion that follow the masterclass, we pinpointed the need for tools for this nascent field. Indeed, if the cultural drive is there, artist are still lacking the mean to interact with living system in a meaningful way

NSDOS’ musical inspiration from signals emerging from biological sources, inspired us to fine-tune signal expression in bacterial populations and create our own instrument from electro-responsive bacteria.

To meet these technical specification, we designed our toolkit to be modular in nature (through its implementation in a 3-plasmid system), thus allowing musician to prototype and implement new parts. We found inspiration in the feedback loop between the control and monitoring that drive instrumental musical expression and designed an Input/Processing/Output system.



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Fig 2: Bio-Electronic Musical Synthetiser

References

(1) Chao R, Mishra S, Si T, Zhao H. Engineering biological systems using automated biofoundries. Metab Eng. 2017 Jul;42:98-108. doi: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.06.003. Epub 2017 Jun 7. PMID: 28602523; PMCID: PMC5544601.

(2) B. Mazzolai, C. Laschi, A vision for future bioinspired and biohybrid robots. *Sci. Robot.* **5**, eaba6893 (2020).

(3) Hauser, J. (2017). Art Between Synthetic Biology and Biohacking. *Contemporary Arts and Cultures*. Retrieved from https://contemporaryarts.mit.edu/pub/artbetweensyntheticbiology

(4) Colin Field-Eaton, Gerti Pellumbi (2019). ****Bioelectronics ‘jump-start’ the next wave of device therapeutics.**** Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/life-sciences/our-insights/bioelectronics-jump-start-the-next-wave-of-device-therapeutics

(5) Shadewell, Adams (2021). ****Forensics Meets Ecology – Environmental DNA Offers New Capabilities for Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Research.**** Front. Mar. Sci., https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.668822