To create a full-fledged project that aims to address plastic pollution, we have considered the future application of our project in reality (Figure 1). To do this, we identified end-users who could employ a special plastic processing device, analyzed the application of our project and considered some potential problems, such as safety issues that may arise during the project implementation.
Since our project can be defined as "a biological system that allows rapid plastic degradation while enduring the harsh climactic conditions of the region" the end users of our project are people working at the local plastic processing plant, who want to test a new efficient method of recycling plastic using synthetic biology, which cares about the environment, and who are looking for ways to improve the industry of plastic recycling and reuse.
At the beginning of our journey, we visited the local plastic processing plant, where we were thoroughly demonstrated the process of purification and recycling of plastic waste. We found out that PET plastic undergoes a series of modifications: cleaning, separating the bottle cup and labels from the bottle, grinding. This inspired us to create a special biorector device. In this device, the crushed PET plastic with the help of the produced bacteria is decomposed into ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid, which are subjected to further modifications to obtain new items that can be used in the industry.
First stage: Maintain optimal conditions and filtration of PET degradation products.
Crushed and purified plastic through a special pipe enters the first compartment, where a pump for air supply and heating element that adjusts
optimal temperature (37Co) to maintain the life and reproduction of Pseudomonas putida bacteria are attached.
Maximally crushed plastic is eaten by bacteria and after hydrolysis of PET with the help of PETase and MHETase enzymes,
PET plastic monomers - terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol are released (terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol cannot react with each other again due to the
increased acidity of ethylene glycol and the necessary conditions for the reactions - 150Co,150 atm, which cannot be created in the bioreactor). Due to the small size of the plastic
it can get to the second stage, to avoid this we use a two-stage filtration. After filtration, only terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol enter the second stage
Second stage: Complete purification of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol from bacteria and their modification for further use.
After we got to the second level, our team decided to use ethanol to kill bacteria so that the bacteria would not get out of the bioreactor
(Ethylene glycol is not effective in eliminating bacteria because it loses antiseptic properties due to the increase of hydroxyl groups).
Ethanol also reacts with terephthalic acid to form the ester diethylterephthalate and water.
Third stage: Separation of ether and other substances for further use.
After a reaction of ethanol with terephthalic acid, the excess of ethanol and the reaction products pass to the third stage,
where the separation into 2 layers and subsequent extraction take place. The first layer is the ester and the second layer is ethylene glycol, water and ethanol.
Water will be used to separate them. Because of the density ether will be on the upper layer, and all the compounds on the bottom give us a ready antifreeze, which can be used in further production.
Diethylterephthalate and antifreeze are then excreted by a drain hole.
Because plastic is an integral part of our world, humanity cannot 100% refuse to consume plastic. Plastic has a very wide use and is part of a wide variety of substances, and if bacteria that degraded plastic get into the environment, there is a huge risk that bacteria will gradually decompose the plastic that is necessary and useful. This process will be extremely difficult to stop, because when bacteria enter the environment, we lose control of them. In this regard, to ensure safety and prevent irreversible consequences, our team proposes to decompose plastic waste in isolated conditions - in a special bioreactor to decompose PET plastic under strict professional control!