Contribution
1 Contribution
In this biological, genetic engineering experiment, our team has innovatively applied a variety of technologies and ideas. This chapter will systematically list, sort out, and expand, hoping to provide useful help and suggestions for the following teams.
2 Innovative concept and ideas of topic determination (macro aspect)
2.1 General requirements
Close to the actual production and living problems, combine the existing scientific and technological levels, and solve specific problems according to the specific social background, dare to break through, dare to innovate, and dare to be the first in this field.
2.2 Specific ideas and starting points
In the construction and process of modern industrial production, environmental pollution problems are becoming increasingly prominent, combining the core and content of iGEM biological competition. At the same time, we should broaden our vision and scope, not just focus on pharmacy and human medicine. In the fields of planting, animal husbandry, and other fields, biological science, especially synthetic biology, has great potential in the future. In addition to the traditional purpose of increasing yield, it can also focus on environmental protection and various human-benefit aspects. For example, we will analyze and study the potential damage to the natural environment in terms of the discharge and treatment of common animal waste and plant waste in planting and animal husbandry and explore feasible solutions by using biotechnology.
2.3 Purpose and original intention
In addition to solving practical problems, we cannot ignore that the project itself should have certain educational significance, teaching people to pay attention to environmental problems in their daily lives and stimulating people's interest in biology, especially synthetic biology, a new star discipline, so that more people can attach importance on this relatively brand-new field, to tap more potential and better serve the whole mankind in the future.
3 Sharing and reference of specific innovative technologies (micro aspect)
3.1 Application of laccase
lacc6 is also widely used in many industries and fields, except that laccase protein is used to decompose sulfonamide antibiotics in this case. Therefore, for the future iGEM team, our team has considered using various characteristics of laccase (such as the function and use of degradation, detection, and adsorption) to conduct experiments. Here are some examples for reference.
3.2 Application of fungal laccase in the food industry
Phenols, aromatic amines, and synthetic dyes can be used for soil remediation and wastewater treatment to remove various aromatic pollutants, dyes, and other industrial pollutants and reduce pollutant concentration, detoxification, and decolorization.
3.3 Application of fungal laccase in the paper industry
Laccase, as an important lignin-degrading enzyme, plays the role of oxidation, demethylation, and depolymerization in the degradation of lignin. Therefore, its participation in the separation and degradation of lignin in wood pulp is characterized by mild production conditions and environmental friendliness.
3.4 Application of fungal laccase in the textile industry
Degradation of dyes and phenolic compounds in textile wastewater has also been widely used in the fields of decolorization and bleaching of textiles and the old-like finishing of denim.
3.5 Application of fungal laccase in biosensors
Laccase does not need H2O2 to initiate the reaction process but uses O2 as an electron acceptor to realize an electron transfer reaction. Therefore, it can be used to manufacture biosensors to detect a variety of phenolic compounds, oxygen, caffeine, flavonoids, and asides. Laccase is fast, effective, and easy to operate in these fields.
3.6 Application of fungal laccase in environmental remediation
Laccase has a wide range of substrates and can act on a variety of phenols, aromatic amines, biological pigments, and synthetic dyes. Therefore, it can be used for soil remediation and wastewater treatment to remove various aromatic pollutants, dyes, and other industrial pollutants, reduce pollutant concentration, detoxification and decolorization. It has become a useful biocatalyst in the application of biotechnology.
3.7 Application of ice crystal nucleus protein
this protein is an outer membrane protein secreted by more than ten kinds of gram-negative bacteria. It has a fast secretory function. It can rapidly form ice crystals in pure water at - 2 ℃ to - 4 ℃. It can also be used in many industries and fields. For example, previously, this protein was used in the research of plant frost (activation of ice nucleation bacteria can reduce frost sensitivity by 1 to 5 degrees), but in the field of frozen food, ice crystal protein also has great potential. It not only increases the temperature of the ice core, shortens the freezing time, but also changes the texture of frozen food, thus reducing the cost and improving the quality. Therefore, the special properties of ice nucleation protein can provide a very good innovative idea and tool for the future iGEM team.
4 Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN)
In 1917, Alfred Nissle, a German scientist, first isolated a typical non-pathogenic symbiotic gram-negative Escherichia coli from the feces of a healthy soldier in the Shigella dysentery epidemic area and named it Nissle 1917.
After long-term research and transformation, EcN is not only stable and controllable but also safe and widely used in medical experiments. For example, scientists found that EcN can be successfully implanted in the human intestinal tract in clinical applications, so some European countries have used it as the basic additive for preparing probiotic preparation Mutaflor and used it to treat various human intestinal diseases.
Based on its advantages, EcN is more and more used for molecular biological transformation in subsequent research. The application field of EcN after reconstruction may gradually transition from clinical treatment for humans and animals to the removal of environmental pollutants.